已知函数 f(x)=xex+ax+bf(x)=xe^x+ax+bf(x)=xex+ax+b,曲线 y=f(x)y=f(x)y=f(x) 在 (0,f(0))(0,f(0))(0,f(0)) 处的切线方程为 y=−2x+1y=-2x+1y=−2x+1。
第一问可以知道:
f′(x)=(x+1)ex−3 f'(x)= (x+1)e^x-3 f′(x)=(x+1)ex−3
导数的形式没有变简单:
已知:f(x)=xex−3x+1f(x) = xe^x-3x+1f(x)=xex−3x+1
目标:引入辅助函数h(x)=f(x+m)−f(x)−mh(x)=f(x+m)-f(x)-mh(x)=f(x+m)−f(x)−m,问题转化成h(x)>0h(x) > 0h(x)>0时的取值范围
由(1)知 f(x)=xex−3x+1f(x)=xe^x-3x+1f(x)=xex−3x+1
令h(x)=f(x+m)−f(x)−m令h(x) = f(x+m)-f(x)-m令h(x)=f(x+m)−f(x)−m:
f(x+m)−f(x)−m=(x+m)ex+m−3(x+m)+1−(xex−3x+1)−m=(x+m)ex+m−xex−4m=em(x+m)ex−xex−4m=(em−1)xex+memex−4m\begin{aligned} &\qquad f(x+m)-f(x)-m \\ &=(x+m)e^{x+m}-3(x+m)+1 \\ &\quad-(xe^x-3x+1)-m \\ &=(x+m)e^{x+m}-xe^x-4m\\ &=e^m(x+m)e^x-xe^x-4m\\ &={\Large \boxed{(e^m-1)xe^x+me^me^x-4m}} \end{aligned} f(x+m)−f(x)−m=(x+m)ex+m−3(x+m)+1−(xex−3x+1)−m=(x+m)ex+m−xex−4m=em(x+m)ex−xex−4m=(em−1)xex+memex−4m
已求得:h(x)=(em−1)xex+memex−4mh(x)=(e^m-1)xe^x+me^me^x-4mh(x)=(em−1)xex+memex−4m
目标:计算出h(0)h(0)h(0)
h(0)=mem−4m\Large \boxed{h(0)=me^m-4m}h(0)=mem−4m
已求得:
m=0时,h(x)=0,不满足条件m = 0时,h(x)=0, \textcolor{red}{不满足条件}m=0时,h(x)=0,不满足条件
m<0时m \lt 0时m<0时:
m<0 ⟹ em−1<0,mem<0 ⟹ h(x)是单调减\begin{aligned} &\qquad \quad m \lt 0 \\ &\implies e^m-1 \lt 0, me^m \lt 0 \\ &\implies {\Large \boxed{h(x)是单调减}} \end{aligned} m<0⟹em−1<0,mem<0⟹h(x)是单调减
已得到结论,m<0时,h(x)单调减m \lt 0时,h(x)单调减m<0时,h(x)单调减
em<1 ⟹ h(x)<(1−1)xex+memex−4m ⟹ h(x)<m(emex−4)\begin{aligned} &\qquad e^m \lt 1 \\ &\implies h(x) < (1-1)xe^x + me^me^x-4m \\ &\implies {\Large \boxed{h(x) \lt m(e^me^x-4)}}\\ \end{aligned} em<1⟹h(x)<(1−1)xex+memex−4m⟹h(x)<m(emex−4)
已得到结论:
当 x>−m+2x\gt -m + 2x>−m+2时:
x+m>2 ⟹ emex>e2>4 ⟹ emex−4>0 ⟹ m(emex−4)<0(m<0,不等号换方向)h(x)<0,不满足条件\begin{aligned} &\qquad x+m \gt 2 \\ & \implies e^me^x \gt e^2 \gt 4 \\ &\implies e^me^x-4 \gt 0 \\ &\implies m(e^me^x - 4) \lt 0 \quad (m\lt 0, 不等号换方向) \\ &{\Large \boxed{h(x) \lt 0,不满足条件}} \end{aligned} x+m>2⟹emex>e2>4⟹emex−4>0⟹m(emex−4)<0(m<0,不等号换方向)h(x)<0,不满足条件
当m>0时m \gt 0时m>0时:
m>0 ⟹ em−1>0,mem>0 ⟹ h(x)是单调增\begin{aligned} &\qquad \quad m \gt 0 \\ &\implies e^m-1 \gt 0, me^m \gt 0 \\ &\implies h(x)是单调增 \end{aligned} m>0⟹em−1>0,mem>0⟹h(x)是单调增
需满足h(0)≥0 ⟹ mem−4m≥0 ⟹ em≥4 ⟹ m≥ln4\begin{aligned} &\qquad 需满足h(0)\geq 0 \\ &\implies me^m-4m \geq 0 \\ &\implies e^m \geq 4 \\ &\implies m \geq ln4 \\ \end{aligned} 需满足h(0)≥0⟹mem−4m≥0⟹em≥4⟹m≥ln4