已知函数f(x)=lnx2−x+ax+b(x−1)3f(x)=\ln \dfrac{x}{2-x}+ax+b(x-1)^{3}f(x)=ln2−xx+ax+b(x−1)3
(3)若f(x)>−2f(x)>-2f(x)>−2当且仅当1<x<21<x<21<x<2,求bbb的取值范围。
内容提要:
要想保证 f(x)>−2f(x)>-2f(x)>−2 当且仅当\large \colorbox{yellow}{\(当且仅当\)}当且仅当 1<x<21<x<21<x<2:
f(1)≤−2\large \colorbox{yellow}{\(f(1) \leq -2\)}f(1)≤−2
又因为 f(x)f(x)f(x) 是连续函数:
f(1)≥−2\large \colorbox{yellow}{\(f(1)\geq -2\)}f(1)≥−2
如果 f(1)<−2f(1)\lt -2f(1)<−2,函数图像就中断了
f(1)=−2 ⟹ a=−2\large \colorbox{yellow}{\(f(1)=-2 \implies a=-2\)}f(1)=−2⟹a=−2
已得到结论:
f′(x)=1x+12−x−2+3b(x−1)2=2−2x(2−x)+3b⋅x(2−x)(x−1)2x(2−x)\begin{aligned} f'(x)&=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{2-x}-2+3b(x-1)^2\\ &=\dfrac{2-2x(2-x)+3b\cdot x(2-x)\colorbox{yellow}{\((x-1)^2\)}}{x(2-x)} \end{aligned} f′(x)=x1+2−x1−2+3b(x−1)2=x(2−x)2−2x(2−x)+3b⋅x(2−x)(x−1)2
令 t=x−1t=x-1t=x−1,t∈(0,1)t\in(0,1)t∈(0,1):
f′(t)=2−2(1+t)(1−t)+3b(1+t)(1−t)t2(1+t)(1−t)=−3bt4+3bt2+2t2(1+t)(1−t)=t2(−3bt2+3b+2)(1+t)(1−t)\begin{aligned} f'(t)&=\dfrac{2-2(1+t)(1-t)+3b(1+t)(1-t)\colorbox{yellow}{\(t^2\)}}{(1+t)(1-t)}\\ &=\frac{-3bt^4+3bt^2+2t^2}{(1+t)(1-t)} \\ &=\frac{t^2(\colorbox{yellow}{\(-3bt^2+3b+2\)})}{(1+t)(1-t)} \end{aligned} f′(t)=(1+t)(1−t)2−2(1+t)(1−t)+3b(1+t)(1−t)t2=(1+t)(1−t)−3bt4+3bt2+2t2=(1+t)(1−t)t2(−3bt2+3b+2)
t=0时,f′(t)=0t=0时,f'(t)=0t=0时,f′(t)=0
满足要求的必要条件\large \colorbox{yellow}{\(必要条件\)}必要条件:ttt 趋近于 000 时,f′(t)≥0f'(t)\geq 0f′(t)≥0,也就是 b≥−23b \geq -\dfrac23b≥−32
如果 3b+2<03b+2 \lt 03b+2<0,那么 ttt 接近于 000 时,f′(t)<0f'(t) \lt 0f′(t)<0,不满足题目要求
验证充分性:
当 b≥0b\geq 0b≥0时,f′(t)≥2f'(t) \geq 2f′(t)≥2
b≥0,0<t2<1 ⟹ −3bt2≥−3b ⟹ f′(t)≥−3b+3b+2≥2\begin{aligned} &\qquad \quad b\geq 0,0\lt t^2 \lt 1 \\ &\implies -3bt^2 \geq -3b \\ &\implies f'(t) \geq -3b+3b+2 \geq 2 \end{aligned} b≥0,0<t2<1⟹−3bt2≥−3b⟹f′(t)≥−3b+3b+2≥2
当 −23≤b<0-\dfrac23 \leq b\lt 0−32≤b<0 时
−2≤3b<0 ⟹ 0<−3b≤2,0≤2+3b<2 ⟹ −3bt2>0 ⟹ f′(t)>0\begin{aligned} &\qquad \quad -2 \leq 3b \lt 0 \\ &\implies 0 \lt -3b \leq 2, 0\leq 2+3b \lt 2 \\ &\implies -3bt^2 \gt 0\\ &\implies f'(t)\gt 0 \end{aligned} −2≤3b<0⟹0<−3b≤2,0≤2+3b<2⟹−3bt2>0⟹f′(t)>0