(1)证明:当 0<x<10<x<10<x<1 时,x−x2<sinx<xx-x^2<\sin x<xx−x2<sinx<x;
(2)已知函数 f(x)=cosax−ln(1−x2)f(x)=\cos ax-\ln(1-x^2)f(x)=cosax−ln(1−x2),若 x=0x=0x=0 是 f(x)f(x)f(x) 的极大值点,求 aaa 的取值范围。
x=0x=0x=0 是极大值点,f′(x)=0f'(x)=0f′(x)=0 并且 x<0x<0x<0时递增,x>0x>0x>0时递减
计算导数:
f′(x)=−asin(ax)−−2x1−x2=−asin(ax)+2x1−x2\begin{aligned} f'(x)&= -a\sin(ax) - \frac{-2x}{1-x^2} \\ &= \boldsymbol{-a\sin(ax)+\frac{2x}{1-x^2}} \end{aligned} f′(x)=−asin(ax)−1−x2−2x=−asin(ax)+1−x22x
f′(0)=0f'(0)=0f′(0)=0,满足了导数为000
已求得:f′(x)=−asin(ax)+2x1−x2f'(x)=-a\sin(ax)+\frac{2x}{1-x^2}f′(x)=−asin(ax)+1−x22x
计算二阶导数:
f′′(x)=−a⋅acos(ax)+2(1−x2)−2x(−2x)(1−x2)2=−a2cos(ax)+2−2x2+4x2(1−x2)2=−a2cos(ax)+2+2x2(1−x2)2\begin{aligned} f''(x)&=-a\cdot a\cos(ax)+\frac{2(1-x^2)-2x(-2x)}{(1-x^2)^2}\\ &=-a^2\cos(ax)+\frac{2-2x^2+4x^2}{(1-x^2)^2}\\ &=\boldsymbol{-a^2\cos(ax)+\frac{2+2x^2}{(1-x^2)^2}} \end{aligned} f′′(x)=−a⋅acos(ax)+(1−x2)22(1−x2)−2x(−2x)=−a2cos(ax)+(1−x2)22−2x2+4x2=−a2cos(ax)+(1−x2)22+2x2
f′′(0)=2−a2f''(0) = 2-a^2f′′(0)=2−a2
已求得:
当2−a2>0\colorbox{yellow}{\(2-a^2 \gt 0\)}2−a2>0时,
存在一个δ>0\delta \gt 0δ>0,x∈(−δ,+δ)x\in (-\delta, +\delta)x∈(−δ,+δ)时递增
过驻点时,导数由负转正,先递减后递增不满足题目要求\colorbox{yellow}{\(过驻点时,导数由负转正,先递减后递增不满足题目要求\)}过驻点时,导数由负转正,先递减后递增不满足题目要求
当2−a2<0\colorbox{yellow}{\(2-a^2 \lt 0\)}2−a2<0时,
存在一个δ>0\delta \gt 0δ>0,x∈(−δ,+δ)x\in (-\delta, +\delta)x∈(−δ,+δ)时递减
过驻点时,导数由正转负,先递增后递减满足题目要求\colorbox{yellow}{\(过驻点时,导数由正转负,先递增后递减满足题目要求\)}过驻点时,导数由正转负,先递增后递减满足题目要求
当2−a2=0\colorbox{yellow}{\(2-a^2 = 0\)}2−a2=0时,单凭这一点的导数值无法确定。
当 a=±2,0<x<22a=\pm\sqrt{2}, 0\lt x \lt \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}a=±2,0<x<22 时,
f′(x)=−2sin(2x)+2x1−x2 ⟹ f′(x)>−2⋅2x+2x1−x2 ⟹ f′(x)>2x(11−x2−1) ⟹ f′(x)>0\begin{aligned} &\qquad \quad f'(x)=-\sqrt{2}\colorbox{yellow}{\(sin(\sqrt{2}x)\)}+\frac{2x}{1-x^2} \\ &\implies f'(x) \gt -\sqrt{2}\cdot \colorbox{yellow}{\(\sqrt{2}x\)} +\frac{2x}{1-x^2} \\ &\implies f'(x) \gt 2x(\frac{1}{1-x^2}-1) \\ &\implies f'(x) \gt 0 \end{aligned} f′(x)=−2sin(2x)+1−x22x⟹f′(x)>−2⋅2x+1−x22x⟹f′(x)>2x(1−x21−1)⟹f′(x)>0
a=±2时,不满足题目要求\colorbox{yellow}{\(a=\pm\sqrt{2}时,不满足题目要求\)}a=±2时,不满足题目要求